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-------- Original Message
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| Subject:
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[Fwd: IVPHC: Geographic Spread of Novel
Influeza
A/H1N1 by Migratory Birds] |
| Date:
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Wed, 06 May 2009 09:35:25 -0700 |
| From:
|
"Stephen M. Apatow"
<s.m.apatow@pathobiologics.org> |
| To:
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ivphc.wg@pathobiologics.org |
6 May 2009
Contact: Stephen M.
Apatow
Founder, Director of Research & Development
Humanitarian Resource Institute (UN:NGO:DESA)
Humanitarian University Consortium Graduate Studies
Center for Medicine, Veterinary Medicine & Law
Phone: 203-668-0282
Email: s.m.apatow@humanitarian.net
Internet: www.humanitarian.net
Pathobiologics International
Internet: www.pathobiologics.org
IDIN:
Pathobiologics
International: Biodefense
Threat Analysis & Communication Center
Subject: Pandemic Influenza: Contingency Planning Discussion
Now that genetic analysis has confirmed the
presence of H5N1 genetic components in the Novel Influenza A/H1N1
strain,
the subject
of geographic spread via migratory birds comes back into focus.
During 2005, a significant source of
international spread of Avian influenza A (H5N1) (H5N1) in birds became
apparent for the first time. Scientists are increasingly convinced that
at least some migratory waterfowl are now carrying the H5N1 virus in
its highly pathogenic form, sometimes
over long distances, and introducing the virus to poultry flocks in
areas
that lie along their migratory routes. Scientific studies comparing
viruses
from different outbreaks in birds have found that viruses from the most
recently
affected countries, all of which lie along migratory routes, are almost
identical
to viruses recovered from dead migratory birds at Qinghai Lake. Viruses
from
Turkey’s first two human cases, which were fatal, were also virtually
identical
to viruses from Qinghai Lake. -- Avian Influenza, hopkinsmedicine.org.
How long is the virus viable outside of the host in the
environment - i.e., how long does it remain contagious to birds or
humans?
HPAI viruses can remain viable for long periods of time
at moderate temperatures in the environment, and can survive
indefinitely in frozen material. In poultry houses, live virus has been
found more than 100 days after the facility was depopulated. One gram
of contaminated manure can contain enough virus to infect 1 million
birds. -- Frequently Asked Questions on Avian Influenza,
originally printed in The Wildlife
Rehabilitator, Volume 6, Issue 1, Winter 2006.
Global Patterns of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds: Science
21 April 2006: Vol. 312. no. 5772, pp. 384 - 388, DOI:
10.1126/science.1122438.
Fig. 1. Migratory flyways of wild bird
populations. A world map with the main general migratory flyways of
wild bird populations is shown (adapted from information collected and
analyzed by Wetlands International). (A) Black dots indicate the
locations of historical and current influenza virus surveillance sites
from which data have been used in this manuscript. These global
migration flyways are simplifications, and there are situations where
populations behave differently from the common patterns. Migration
patterns
of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) (B) and Garganey (Anas
querquedula)
in Eurasia and Africa and Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) in the
Americas
(C) (right and left parts of the map, respectively) are
provided.
Yellow color indicates breeding areas in which species are absent
during
winter, green indicates areas in which species are present around the
year,
and blue indicates areas in which species are only present in winter
and
do not breed. Arrows indicate the seasonal migration patterns.
Click
for larger image.
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